Deacetylated chitin
Chitosan
CAS: 9012-76-4
Molecular Formula: C6H11NO4X2
Deacetylated chitin - Names and Identifiers
| Name | Chitosan |
| Synonyms | kytexm Chitosan seacuref poliglusam Poliglusam seacureplus Poly-D-glucosamine Deacetylated chitin CHITOSANNANOPARTICLES LOWMOLECULARWEIGHTCHITOSAN HIGHMOLECULARWEIGHTCHITOSAN Chitosan from shrimp shells beta-1,4-Poly-D-glucosamine beta-(1,4)-2-Amino-2-deoxy-D-glucose |
| CAS | 9012-76-4 |
| EINECS | 618-480-0 |
| InChI | InChI=1/C56H103N9O39/c1-87-56(86)65-28-38(84)46(19(10-74)96-55(28)104-45-18(9-73)95-49(27(64)37(45)83)97-39-12(3-67)88-47(85)20(57)31(39)77)103-54-26(63)36(82)44(17(8-72)94-54)102-53-25(62)35(81)43(16(7-71)93-53)101-52-24(61)34(80)42(15(6-70)92-52)100-51-23(60)33(79)41(14(5-69)91-51)99-50-22(59)32(78)40(13(4-68)90-50)98-48-21(58)30(76)29(75)11(2-66)89-48/h11-55,66-85H,2-10,57-64H2,1H3,(H,65,86)/t11-,12-,13-,14-,15-,16-,17-,18-,19-,20-,21-,22-,23-,24-,25-,26-,27-,28-,29-,30-,31-,32-,33-,34-,35-,36-,37-,38-,39-,40-,41-,42-,43-,44-,45-,46-,47-,48+,49+,50+,51+,52+,53+,54+,55+/m1/s1 |
Deacetylated chitin - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | C6H11NO4X2 |
| Molar Mass | 161.16 |
| Density | 1 g/cm3 |
| Melting Point | 102.5 °C |
| Solubility | dilute aqueous acid (pH <6.5).: soluble |
| Appearance | White solid |
| Color | White to Off-white |
| Storage Condition | 2-8°C |
| Stability | Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. |
| Refractive Index | 1.7 |
| MDL | MFCD00161512 |
| Physical and Chemical Properties | Chitosan (Chitosan), also known as Chitosan, the scientific name is beta -1,4-poly-glucosamine, from Alaska deep sea snow crab by decalcification, deproteinization, decolorization, deacetylation and other processing technology, it has the reputation of the sixth life element of the human body. |
| Use | In the food industry is a natural, non-toxic preservatives, flocculants, and can be adsorbed in water cadmium, mercury, copper and other heavy metal ions |
Deacetylated chitin - Risk and Safety
| Hazard Symbols | Xn - Harmful |
| Risk Codes | R20/21/22 - Harmful by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. R36/37/38 - Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin. |
| Safety Description | S24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes. S36 - Wear suitable protective clothing. S26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. |
| WGK Germany | - |
| RTECS | FM6300000 |
| FLUKA BRAND F CODES | 3 |
| TSCA | Yes |
| HS Code | 39139000 |
Deacetylated chitin - Nature
Open Data Verified Data
white or light yellow flaky powder, free of formaldehyde, soluble in aqueous solution of organic acids, forming cationic chitosan, which can form chemical bonds with amino acids of ruanjiao protein, it has a good fixed effect of straight hair.
Last Update：2024-01-02 23:10:35
Deacetylated chitin - Preparation Method
Open Data Verified Data
with 4%~ 6% hydrochloric acid aqueous solution, the shell was soaked at room temperature for 4~12h, the chitin was taken up, then concentrated alkali was added, and the reaction was carried out at 60~140 ℃ for 8H, it can be washed with water.
Last Update：2022-01-01 09:30:45
Deacetylated chitin - Standard
Authoritative Data Verified Data
This product is an unbranched binary polysaccharide consisting of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and 1> glucosamine.
Last Update：2024-01-02 23:10:35
Deacetylated chitin - Trait
Authoritative Data Verified Data
- This product is white powder, odorless, tasteless.
- This product is slightly soluble in water and almost insoluble in ethanol.
Last Update：2022-01-01 11:22:37
Deacetylated chitin - Introduction
Chitosan is a linear aminopolysaccharide composed of about 20% β1,4-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (glucosamine), and about 80% β1,4-linked D-glucosamine (GlcN), prepared by partial deacetylation of chitin in hot lye. Insoluble in water, carboxylated chitosan is carboxylated and soluble in water.
Last Update：2022-10-16 17:29:56
Deacetylated chitin - Differential diagnosis
Authoritative Data Verified Data
- The infrared absorption spectrum of this product should be consistent with that of the reference product (General rule 0402).
- weigh this product 0. 2G, add water 8 0 m l, stir to disperse, add glycolic acid solution (0. l -20) 20 m l, the solution is clarified by slow stirring at room temperature (stirring for about 30-60 minutes), and 5ml of 0.5% sodium dodecyl sulfate solution is added to form a gel-like mass.
Last Update：2022-01-01 11:22:38
Deacetylated chitin - Exam
Authoritative Data Verified Data
viscosity
precision weighing this product l .O g, add 1% glacial acetic acid 100M l, stir to completely dissolve, use NDJ -1 type rotary viscometer, check according to law (General Rule 0 6 3 3 Third method), the dynamic viscosity at 20°C shall not exceed 80% to 120% of the labeled amount.
degree of deacetylation
take this product about 0.5G, precision weighing, precision plus human hydrochloric acid titration solution (0 .3M o l/L) 18 M l, stirred at room temperature for 2 hours to dissolve, add 1% methyl orange indicator 3 drops, with sodium hydroxide titration solution (0. 1 5M o l/U titrated to orange.
pH
take 0.50g of this product, add water 5 0 m l, stir for 3 0 minutes, stand for 30 minutes, and determine according to law (General rule 0631),p H value should be 6. 5 to 8. 5.
Protein
take this product O . l g, add into a 10ml measuring flask, dissolve with 1% glacial acetic acid solution and dilute to the scale, shake well, take an appropriate amount of the solution, and determine it according to law (General Principles 0731 method 5), protein content should not exceed 0 .2%.
loss on drying
take this product l .O g, dry to constant weight at 105°C, lose no more than 10% weight (General rule 0831).
ignition residue
This product l .O g, inspection according to law (General 0841), residue shall not exceed 1.0%.
Heavy metals
The residue under the charge of taking the ignition residue shall not contain more than 10 parts per million of heavy metals as inspected by law (General Principles 0821, Law II).
arsenic salt
take this product 2. 0g, add calcium hydroxide 1. 0g, mix, add 2ml of water, stir well, dry on a water bath, burn to charring with small fire, then burn to 500~600°C to Ash completely, let cool, add hydrochloric acid 5 m l, add water 23ml, check according to law (General Principles 0822 The first law), arsenic salt should not exceed one part per million.
Last Update：2022-01-01 11:22:38
Deacetylated chitin - Category
Authoritative Data Verified Data
pharmaceutical excipients, disintegrants, thickeners, etc.
Last Update：2022-01-01 11:22:39
Deacetylated chitin - Storage
Authoritative Data Verified Data
sealed and dry in cool and dark place.
Last Update：2022-01-01 11:22:39
Deacetylated chitin - Reference Information
| EPA chemical substance information | information provided by: ofmpeb.epa.gov (external link) |
| Introduction | usually said chitin mainly refers to chitosan, which is also called chitin, deacetylated chitin, deacetylated chitin, soluble chitin, soluble chitin. Amorphous solid, specific optical rotation [α]D11-3 ° -10 °. Almost insoluble in water, but soluble in formic acid, acetic acid, benzoic acid and naphthenic acid and other organic acids and dilute inorganic acid. Industrial products are white or off-white translucent flaky solids with a slight pearl luster. Tasteless, non-toxic, easy to degrade, is a rare natural cationic polyelectrolyte. The polysaccharide obtained by hydrolyzing or enzymatically releasing the acetyl group on the chitin glycosyl group with a strong base. Soluble in low acidity aqueous solution, has good biocompatibility, no antigenicity, insoluble in human body fluid. In order to widely exist in the nature of lower animals, plants, such as arthropods (shrimp, crab) in the shell of chitin as raw material, by adding alkali, heating deacetylation reaction. |
| Chitin | Chitin, also known as Chitin, Chitin or Chitin, is the second most abundant biopolymer in nature, it is widely distributed and is an important component of the outer shells of many lower animals, especially arthropods such as shrimp, crab and insects. It also exists in the cell walls of lower plants such as bacteria, algae and fungi, it is estimated that the annual amount of biosynthesis of more than 1 billion tons, is a huge renewable resources. Compared with cellulose, the structure of chitin, in addition to the presence of hydroxyl groups in the molecule, but also contains acetyl amino and amino functional groups, for structural modification of more groups. The product after deacetylation of chitin is Chitosan. Chitin and chitosan and the modified derivatives have more abundant functional properties than cellulose and its derivatives. In addition to many uses in the food industry, in medicine, chemical industry, biology, agriculture, textile, printing and dyeing, paper making, environmental protection and many other fields have extremely important uses. chitin is 2-acetylamino-2-deoxy-d-glucose via β (1 → 4) glycosidically linked polymer after deacetylation of the polysaccharide compound β (1 → 4) polymer of 2-amino-2-deoxy-d-glucose, I .e. chitosan. 2-7 show the chemical structures of chitin, chitosan, and cellulose, with similar structures between the three. Because the existing technology can not completely remove the acetyl group of chitin into 100% chitosan, it is difficult to completely separate the two, so the existing chitosan commodity is usually a mixture of chitin and chitosan, but the requirement of chitosan content in more than 60%. However, chitosan as a functional food base material requires a chitosan content of more than 85%. chitin is insoluble in general acid and alkali, and its chemical properties are very stable, which is an important reason for restricting its long-term development. After deacetylation of chitosan, white to light yellow powder, although insoluble in water, alkali solution and organic solvents, but soluble in dilute acid solution, including inorganic dilute acid (hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, etc.) and organic dilute acids (acetic acid, lactic acid, formic acid, ascorbic acid, malic acid, etc.). In an aqueous solution of a polyvalent organic acid such as citric acid and tartaric acid, the solution is dissolved when heated at a high temperature, and is gelatinous when the temperature is lowered. |
| antibacterial effect of chitosan | chitosan has a wide range of antibacterial effects, but different concentrations of chitosan have different antibacterial ability, for example, when the concentration of chitosan is 0.1%, the reproduction of various molds of Fusarium can be completely inhibited within 8d, but the concentration has no effect on the fungi of Rhizopus, Penicillium, Aspergillus and so on. When the concentration was 0.4%, it had strong inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. In addition, the degree of deacylation of chitosan with different antibacterial properties are not the same, the degree of deacylation of high anti-fungal strong. One of the reasons is that chitosan acts with the surface layer of mold cells to increase cell permeability. Chitosan and sodium acetate, adipic acid preservative antibacterial effect is more obvious, and does not affect the food flavor. The antibacterial effect of chitosan mainly has the following two mechanisms: One is that chitosan forms a layer of polymer membrane by adsorbing on the cell surface to prevent the transport of nutrients into the cell, so as to play the role of bacteriostasis and sterilization; Another mechanism is that chitosan penetrates into the cell body, adsorbs the cytoplasm with anions in the cell body, and flocculation occurs, disturbing the normal physiological activity of the cell, thereby killing the bacteria. Because the cell wall structure of gram-positive bacteria and gram-negative bacteria is different, the two effects on them are also different, so the relative molecular weight of chitosan, the antibacterial mechanism is different. |
| physiological function and efficacy | chitosan is a kind of dietary fiber, which can reduce serum cholesterol, regulate intestinal flora, lower blood pressure and other effects. After human intake of chitosan, it is almost not digested and absorbed by fecal analysis, so it belongs to a kind of dietary fiber. studies have shown that chitosan has some of the characteristics of dietary fiber, such as water retention, expansion, adsorption and indigestible absorption, etc., can promote gastrointestinal peristalsis, adsorption of toxic substances, increase defecation volume, reduce Abdominal pressure and intestinal pressure, improve constipation, prevent the occurrence of colorectal cancer. chitosan and gastric mucin have similar physical and chemical effects, such as inhibiting gastric acid, anti-gastric ulcer, water after the expansion of the paste-like and with adhesion, in the stomach can form a protective film to reduce gastric acid on the ulcer surface stimulation. Food Safety: animals fed with chitosan have been reported to die when the dose reached 20% of the feed. According to the analysis, it is considered that this is due to the fact that the high concentration of chitosan forms a gel in the internal organs of the animal and inhibits the absorption of nutrients by the animal. At present, it is necessary to systematically study the physiological effects of chitosan high viscosity macromolecules and low viscosity small molecules, and further long-term chronic tests on the safety toxicology and metabolism of chitosan with clear sources are needed. |
| market prospects | chitosan is the only basic amino polysaccharide in a large number of natural polysaccharides, which has a series of special functional properties, in agriculture and food and other aspects have a wide range of important application value, its source is rich, preparation, film is simple, preservation performance is superior, will be in food preservation, extension of shelf life and other aspects play an increasingly important role. In addition, chitosan can enhance human immunity, remove excess fat in the body, inhibit harmful bacteria, reduce blood lipids, regulate blood sugar, non-toxic anticancer effect and as a biomedical material and other functions. Studies have shown that chitosan can adsorb cadmium, mercury, copper and other heavy metals, can be used as flocculation of various colloidal particles and used for juice clarification, sucrose purification, wastewater treatment, protein mycelium flocculation. In addition, chitosan has a good application prospect in medicine because of its biological function, safety, non-toxic, biodegradable and biocompatibility. In agriculture, chitosan is an effective carrier of chemical fertilizer and pesticide, which can reduce the pollution of agricultural chemical fertilizer to the environment, effectively protect the environment and maintain the ecological balance. China has a long shoreline, and shrimp shells and crab shells are very rich in resources, which are discarded to pollute the environment. Therefore, the deep processing of shrimp crab shells, the extraction of chitin and the preparation of chitosan, can achieve the purpose of purifying the environment and turning waste into wealth. Chitosan is a renewable resource, and has a strong ability to keep fresh, so as a new type of natural food preservative, it has a huge potential market and broad application prospects. Natural preservatives and antioxidants. Beijing: China light industry press. 2010. Pp. 48-51. |
| usage limit | GB 2760-2001: 6.0g/kg for meat enema (square ham and round ham). |
| Use | as a preservative and thickener. in the food industry is a natural, non-toxic preservatives, flocculants, and can be adsorbed in water cadmium, mercury, copper and other heavy metal ions used as industrial wastewater and municipal wastewater treatment agent, precipitant thickener, stabilizer, gelling agent, Binder. It is also used for anti-mildew of acidic substances, and can form a transparent semi-permeable membrane on the surface. Used for pickled products, baked products, bread, oil-containing food, etc. It is mainly used in food, medicine, agricultural seeds, daily chemical industry, industrial wastewater treatment and other industries. Chitosan oligosaccharide has the function of improving immunity, activating cells, preventing cancer, lowering blood fat, lowering blood pressure, anti-aging, regulating the body environment and the like, and can be used in the fields of medicine, health care and food. In the field of environmental protection, chitosan can be used for sewage treatment, protein recovery, water purification and so on. In the field of functional materials, chitosan can be used for membrane materials, carriers, adsorbents, fibers, medical materials, etc. In the field of light textile, chitosan can be used for fabric finishing, health care underwear, paper making additives, etc. The agricultural field can be applied to feed addition, seed treatment, soil improvement, fruit preservation and the like. In the field of tobacco, chitosan is a good performance of the tobacco sheet gum, and has improved taste, non-toxic combustion no smell and other characteristics. chitosan is a biocompatible, antibacterial and biodegradable polyelectrolyte with a wide range of biomedical and industrial applications. Its chemical properties and low toxicity can be used as a component of drugs, in gene transfer systems, as biodegradable membranes and as a scaffold in tissue engineering. |
| production method | add 20g of chitin to 300mL 50% NaOH solution, after complete infiltration, it was heated at 95 ℃ for 1.5h, filtered to remove the alkali solution, washed with water until neutral, and dried at low temperature to obtain 15.6g of colorless transparent sheet product. |
Last Update：2024-04-17 12:18:49
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